Advantages and Disadvantages of Share Capital

23 Sep Advantages and Disadvantages of Share Capital

Any rate of return, including the cost of equity capital is affected by the risk. If an investment is more risky, the investor will demand higher compensation in the form of higher expected return. The equity shareholders receive dividends after interest have been paid to the debt holders and preference dividends have been paid to preference shareholders. This means that their return will be volatile with reference to the change in company’s performance.

It must be noted that dividends paid on preference shares are not deducted from taxes. Also, redeeming such shares creates a financial burden on the company and erodes its capital. Similarly, when profits are earned companies must pay off the arrears dividends, especially in case of cumulative preference shares. Also, if a company decides not to offer a dividend in a particular year, they must pay it to the shareholders later. Notably, shareholders can convert their preference shares into equity shares and cannot be traded in the market.

Cost of Equity Share Capital is more than cost of Debt because :

On the other hand, besides being a permanent source of capital, equity shares also help companies to secure credit easily. Equity shares offer substantial dividends to shareholders and also entitle them to benefit from price appreciation in investment value. Generally, they are traded in the market through a stock exchange. The value of these shares is expressed in issue price, face value, market price, book value, intrinsic value, etc. It is one of the main reasons many companies do not want to issue share capital because they lost one part of ownership.

The firm must have a cost of capital that is weighted to reflect the differences in various sources used. It encompasses the cost of compensating the debt investors, preference shareholders and the equity shareholders. So, in order to calculate the WACC, there must be a system of assigning weights to different specific cost of capital. The following considerations are worth noting while assigning weights to specific cost of capital to find out the WACC.

Right share is one of how an investor can gain profit from the performance of a particular firm. It is a common practice used by many firms for raising capital. These shares are offered by a company to certain investors at a discounted price which in turn will grow the stake in the respective business. Though there is no fixed rate of return on investments, these shares provide an opportunity to earn profits depending on the growth and profitability of the company. The cost of capital of a firm can be analyzed as explicit cost and implicit cost of capital.

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The efficient market hypothesis assumes that any and all available information related to an asset is already factored into its current price. This effectively means that an asset trades at its fair value, making it impossible to identify undervalued or overvalued stocks. It is a malpractice where the traders carry out a transaction based on the non-public or unpublished information they got access to, which can be necessary for making investment decisions. Investors need to bear in mind that bigger dividends do not always mean better as companies paying high dividends are unable to sustain these rates in the longer period. Being a stockholder is being a partial owner of a company.

• The total amount of money a company raises by diluting or selling its share to other individuals or a group of people.
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• At a particular point of time, the firm might have raised funds from various sources i.e., short term as well as long term.
• As the value is more than ` 96, the rate of discount may be increased to 17%.
• The decision to declare dividend on preference shares lies with the management, and it is not mandatory in case of loss.

ABC Ltd. issues 12.5% debentures of face value of ` 100 each, redeemable at the end of 7 years. The debentures are issued at a discount of 5% and the flotation cost is estimated to be 1%. Find out the cost of capital of debentures given that the firm has 40% tax rate.

Even if it is not all your money you may face major losses when the company fails to make profits or overall negative market sentiments. Equity shareholders are the owners of the company to the tune of the shares held by them. Through equity investing, investors benefit from capital appreciation and dividends. In addition to the monetary benefits, equity holders also enjoy voting rights in critical matters of the company.

Investors these days have a better understanding of how the investment market functions and which activities would prove more effective for them. They collect substantial data and analyse an investment option to judge its prospects before investing in it. Several types of equity shares help companies generateequity share capital.

The idea is to find patterns of behaviours- like ‘head and shoulders’ or ‘wedges’ or ‘triangles’ which help in finding indications of equity markets behaviour. Around 10% of trade analysts use technical analysis according to Burton Malkeil. Most companies pay an annual or quarterly or even special one-time dividends based on the total profits made during the year.

With the help of shares, capital companies can raise money whenever they need to without worrying about interest or extra expenses. Then, if they want, they can distribute the extra profit why is called share capital is called risky capital by dividends to their shareholder. Payment of fixed interest on debentures shall be made prior to payment of any dividend to the shareholders out of the profits of the company.

The capital expenditures are backed by the long term capital structure of a company, which may include different degrees of leverage. Thus, an overall cost of capital is an important criterion in the capital budgeting evaluation procedure. The company’s management determines the rate of dividend be distributed among such shareholders. Moreover, these shares are transferable and can be transferred without consideration.

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Equity market is the market where shares or stocks of the company are traded either through an exchange or over-the-counter. Equity market allows the investors and traders to buy and sell the equity shares held by them in a company at a same platform. If you possess a large amount of equity shares, you are also granted substantial voting rights. Over the long term, a company’s business performance and its stock price will converge.

The explicit cost of capital of a particular source may be defined in terms of the interest or dividend that the firm has to pay to the suppliers of funds. There is an explicit flow of return payable by the firm to the supplier of fund. For example, the firm has to pay interest on capital, dividend at fixed rate on preference share capital and also some expected dividend on equity shares. There are many different types of equity shares available in the market. The most common type is called ‘ordinary’ or ‘common’ shares. In India, these usually carry voting rights and dividends.

So, the cost of capital of the firm may be defined as the opportunity cost of the suppliers of funds i.e., the investors. Both investors and creditors consider companies with large equity capital as creditworthy. Furthermore, the liability arising out of equity shares are required to be paid, and companies are also not obligated to pay a dividend to shareholders.

What is the efficient market hypothesis (EMH)?

They have a par value based on which the dividend is calculated. Let us say that a preferred stock is worth Rs 1,000 and the dividend is 5 percent. Then the stock must pay Rs 50 as dividend every year as long as the stock is outstanding. When it comes to risk, a preferred stock is riskier than a bond but less risky than a common stock. For example,a company may make $1 billion in profits for a given year, but it may have taken $20 billion worth of capital to do so, creating a meager 5% return on capital. Another firm may generate just $100 million in profits but only need $500 million to do so, boasting a 20% return on capital.

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Companies usually pay out their profits in the form of dividends, or they reinvest the money back into the business. Dividends provide shareholders with a cash payment, and reinvested earnings offer shareholders the chance to receive more profits from the underlying business in the future. Any profits they make are plowed back into their businesses. https://1investing.in/ Equity shares are dependent on the demand and supply structure. What happens in the stock market is, if investors see that the company is growing they will buy its shares which will increase the share prices. But if later, the company experience losses, people will sell their equity shares which will decrease the price of shares.

The profits earned by the firm but not distributed among the equity shareholders are ploughed back and reinvested within the firm. These profits gradually result in a substantial source of funds to the firm. Had these profits been distributed to equity shareholders, they could have invested these funds elsewhere and would have earned some return. This return is foregone by the investors when the profits are ploughed back.

Except the retained earnings, all other sources of funds have explicit cost of capital. Normally, the capital funds come from a pool of different sources, none of the elements of which can or should be specifically identified with the particular proposals under review. Instead, any use of capital funds should reflect a firm’s overall cost of capital.

Using leverage can make you win big gains or incur huge losses. You can make profits by buying low and selling high but you must know when to sell off your stocks because if you don’t do that, your capital can get eroded by losses. You might also need to learn how to read charts to identify opportunities in buying and selling stocks.

Large retention of earnings over a long period of time may cause dissatisfaction among shareholders as they do not receive the expected rate of dividend. Demat Account is the account that holds your shares and investments in dematerialized form. Every time you buy or sell shares the Demat account is credited and debited respectively just like your bank account. A large equity capital base helps in increasing a company’s credit worthiness among its creditors and investors. Equity comprises of the funds invested in the company by the shareholders along with the amount of profit that is retained by the company for the expansion and growth purposes.